perl58delta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
This document describes differences between the 5.6.0 release and the 5.8.0 release.
Many of the bug fixes in 5.8.0 were already seen in the 5.6.1 maintenance release since the two releases were kept closely coordinated (while 5.8.0 was still called 5.7.something).
Changes that were integrated into the 5.6.1 release are marked [561]. Many of these changes have been further developed since 5.6.1 was released, those are marked [561+].
You can see the list of changes in the 5.6.1 release (both from the 5.005_03 release and the 5.6.0 release) by reading perl561delta.
Perl 5.8 is not binary compatible with earlier releases of Perl.
You have to recompile your XS modules.
(Pure Perl modules should continue to work.)
The major reason for the discontinuity is the new IO architecture called PerlIO. PerlIO is the default configuration because without it many new features of Perl 5.8 cannot be used. In other words: you just have to recompile your modules containing XS code, sorry about that.
In future releases of Perl, non-PerlIO aware XS modules may become completely unsupported. This shouldn't be too difficult for module authors, however: PerlIO has been designed as a drop-in replacement (at the source code level) for the stdio interface.
Depending on your platform, there are also other reasons why we decided to break binary compatibility, please read on.
If your pointers are 64 bits wide, the Perl malloc is no longer being used because it does not work well with 8-byte pointers. Also, usually the system mallocs on such platforms are much better optimized for such large memory models than the Perl malloc. Some memory-hungry Perl applications like the PDL don't work well with Perl's malloc. Finally, other applications than Perl (such as mod_perl) tend to prefer the system malloc. Such platforms include Alpha and 64-bit HPPA, MIPS, PPC, and Sparc.
The AIX dynaloading now uses in AIX releases 4.3 and newer the native dlopen interface of AIX instead of the old emulated interface. This change will probably break backward compatibility with compiled modules. The change was made to make Perl more compliant with other applications like mod_perl which are using the AIX native interface.
my variables now handled at run-time
The my EXPR : ATTRS syntax now applies variable attributes at run-time. (Subroutine and our variables still get attributes applied at compile-time.) See attributes for additional details. In particular, however, this allows variable attributes to be useful for tie interfaces, which was a deficiency of earlier releases. Note that the new semantics doesn't work with the Attribute::Handlers module (as of version 0.76).
The Socket extension is now dynamically loaded instead of being statically built in. This may or may not be a problem with ancient TCP/IP stacks of VMS: we do not know since we weren't able to test Perl in such configurations.
Perl now uses IEEE format (T_FLOAT) as the default internal floating point format on OpenVMS Alpha, potentially breaking binary compatibility with external libraries or existing data. G_FLOAT is still available as a configuration option. The default on VAX (D_FLOAT) has not changed.
use utf8, almost)Previously in Perl 5.6 to use Unicode one would say "use utf8" and then the operations (like string concatenation) were Unicode-aware in that lexical scope.
This was found to be an inconvenient interface, and in Perl 5.8 the Unicode model has completely changed: now the "Unicodeness" is bound to the data itself, and for most of the time "use utf8" is not needed at all. The only remaining use of "use utf8" is when the Perl script itself has been written in the UTF-8 encoding of Unicode. (UTF-8 has not been made the default since there are many Perl scripts out there that are using various national eight-bit character sets, which would be illegal in UTF-8.)
See perluniintro for the explanation of the current model, and utf8 for the current use of the utf8 pragma.
Unicode scripts are now supported. Scripts are similar to (and superior to) Unicode blocks. The difference between scripts and blocks is that scripts are the glyphs used by a language or a group of languages, while the blocks are more artificial groupings of (mostly) 256 characters based on the Unicode numbering.
In general, scripts are more inclusive, but not universally so. For example, while the script Latin includes all the Latin characters and their various diacritic-adorned versions, it does not include the various punctuation or digits (since they are not solely Latin).
A number of other properties are now supported, including \p{L&}, \p{Any} \p{Assigned}, \p{Unassigned}, \p{Blank} [561] and \p{SpacePerl} [561] (along with their \P{...} versions, of course). See perlunicode for details, and more additions.
The In or Is prefix to names used with the \p{...} and \P{...} are now almost always optional. The only exception is that a In prefix is required to signify a Unicode block when a block name conflicts with a script name. For example, \p{Tibetan} refers to the script, while \p{InTibetan} refers to the block. When there is no name conflict, you can omit the In from the block name (e.g. \p{BraillePatterns}), but to be safe, it's probably best to always use the In).
A reference to a reference now stringifies as "REF(0x81485ec)" instead of "SCALAR(0x81485ec)" in order to be more consistent with the return value of ref().
The undocumented pack/unpack template letters D/F have been recycled for better use: now they stand for long double (if supported by the platform) and NV (Perl internal floating point type). (They used to be aliases for d/f, but you never knew that.)
The list of filenames from glob() (or <...>) is now by default sorted alphabetically to be csh-compliant (which is what happened before in most Unix platforms). (bsd_glob() does still sort platform natively, ASCII or EBCDIC, unless GLOB_ALPHASORT is specified.) [561]
CORE::dump(), but in future releases the behaviour of an unqualified dump() call may change.\w character.package; syntax (package without an argument) has been deprecated. Its semantics were never that clear and its implementation even less so. If you have used that feature to disallow all but fully qualified variables, use strict; instead.:raw "discipline" was the inverse of :crlf. Turning off "clrfness" is no longer enough to make a stream truly binary. So the PerlIO :raw layer (or "discipline", to use the Camel book's older terminology) is now formally defined as being equivalent to binmode(FH) - which is in turn defined as doing whatever is necessary to pass each byte as-is without any translation. In particular binmode(FH) - and hence :raw - will now turn off both CRLF and UTF-8 translation and remove other layers (e.g. :encoding()) which would modify byte stream.fields pragma interface will remain available. The restricted hashes interface is expected to be the replacement interface (see Hash::Util). If your existing programs depends on the underlying implementation, consider using Class::PseudoHash from CPAN.@a->[...] and %h->{...} have now been deprecated.Thread) is deprecated and expected to be removed in Perl 5.10. Multithreaded code should be migrated to the new ithreads model (see threads, threads::shared and perlthrtut).exec LIST and system LIST operations now produce warnings on tainted data and in some future release they will produce fatal errors.Unicode in general should be now much more usable than in Perl 5.6.0 (or even in 5.6.1). Unicode can be used in hash keys, Unicode in regular expressions should work now, Unicode in tr/// should work now, Unicode in I/O should work now. See perluniintro for introduction and perlunicode for details.
\s (\p{Space} isn't, since that includes the vertical tabulator character, whereas \s doesn't.)See "New Unicode Properties" earlier in this document for additional information on changes with Unicode properties.
open($fh,'>:crlf :utf8', $path) || ...
or on already opened handles via extended binmode:
binmode($fh,':encoding(iso-8859-7)');
The built-in layers are: unix (low level read/write), stdio (as in previous Perls), perlio (re-implementation of stdio buffering in a portable manner), crlf (does CRLF <=> "\n" translation as on Win32, but available on any platform). A mmap layer may be available if platform supports it (mostly Unixes).
Layers to be applied by default may be specified via the 'open' pragma.
See "Installation and Configuration Improvements" for the effects of PerlIO on your architecture name.
open for pipes. For example:open KID_PS, "-|", "ps", "aux" or die $!;
forks the ps(1) command (without spawning a shell, as there are more than three arguments to open()), and reads its standard output via the KID_PS filehandle. See perlipc.
open($fh,">:utf8","Uni.txt");
Note for EBCDIC users: the pseudo layer ":utf8" is erroneously named for you since it's not UTF-8 what you will be getting but instead UTF-EBCDIC. See perlunicode, utf8, and http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr16/ for more information. In future releases this naming may change. See perluniintro for more information about UTF-8.
/utf-?8/i), your STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR handles and the default open layer (see open) are marked as UTF-8. (This feature, like other new features that combine Unicode and I/O, work only if you are using PerlIO, but that's the default.)Note that after this Perl really does assume that everything is UTF-8: for example if some input handle is not, Perl will probably very soon complain about the input data like this "Malformed UTF-8 ..." since any old eight-bit data is not legal UTF-8.
Note for code authors: if you want to enable your users to use UTF-8 as their default encoding but in your code still have eight-bit I/O streams (such as images or zip files), you need to explicitly open() or binmode() with :bytes (see "open" in perlfunc and "binmode" in perlfunc), or you can just use binmode(FH) (nice for pre-5.8.0 backward compatibility).
open($fh,'>', \$variable) || ...
open($fh,"+>", undef) || ...
That is a literal undef, not an undefined value.
The new interpreter threads ("ithreads" for short) implementation of multithreading, by Arthur Bergman, replaces the old "5.005 threads" implementation. In the ithreads model any data sharing between threads must be explicit, as opposed to the model where data sharing was implicit. See threads and threads::shared, and perlthrtut.
As a part of the ithreads implementation Perl will also use any necessary and detectable reentrant libc interfaces.
A restricted hash is restricted to a certain set of keys, no keys outside the set can be added. Also individual keys can be restricted so that the key cannot be deleted and the value cannot be changed. No new syntax is involved: the Hash::Util module is the interface.
Perl used to be fragile in that signals arriving at inopportune moments could corrupt Perl's internal state. Now Perl postpones handling of signals until it's safe (between opcodes).
This change may have surprising side effects because signals no longer interrupt Perl instantly. Perl will now first finish whatever it was doing, like finishing an internal operation (like sort()) or an external operation (like an I/O operation), and only then look at any arrived signals (and before starting the next operation). No more corrupt internal state since the current operation is always finished first, but the signal may take more time to get heard. Note that breaking out from potentially blocking operations should still work, though.
In general a lot of fixing has happened in the area of Perl's understanding of numbers, both integer and floating point. Since in many systems the standard number parsing functions like strtoul() and atof() seem to have bugs, Perl tries to work around their deficiencies. This results hopefully in more accurate numbers.
Perl now tries internally to use integer values in numeric conversions and basic arithmetics (+ - * /) if the arguments are integers, and tries also to keep the results stored internally as integers. This change leads to often slightly faster and always less lossy arithmetics. (Previously Perl always preferred floating point numbers in its math.)
In double-quoted strings, arrays now interpolate, no matter what. The behavior in earlier versions of perl 5 was that arrays would interpolate into strings if the array had been mentioned before the string was compiled, and otherwise Perl would raise a fatal compile-time error. In versions 5.000 through 5.003, the error was
Literal @example now requires backslash
In versions 5.004_01 through 5.6.0, the error was
In string, @example now must be written as \@example
The idea here was to get people into the habit of writing "fred\@example.com" when they wanted a literal @ sign, just as they have always written "Give me back my \$5" when they wanted a literal $ sign.
Starting with 5.6.1, when Perl now sees an @ sign in a double-quoted string, it always attempts to interpolate an array, regardless of whether or not the array has been used or declared already. The fatal error has been downgraded to an optional warning:
Possible unintended interpolation of @example in string
This warns you that "fred@example.com" is going to turn into fred.com if you don't backslash the @. See http://perl.plover.com/at-error.html for more details about the history here.
Also, $Config{byteorder} is now computed dynamically--this is more robust with "fat binaries" where an executable image contains binaries for more than one binary platform, and when cross-compiling.
perl -d:Module=arg,arg,arg now works (previously one couldn't pass in multiple arguments.)do followed by a bareword now ensures that this bareword isn't a keyword (to avoid a bug where do q(foo.pl) tried to call a subroutine called q). This means that for example instead of do format() you must write do &format().dump() better written as CORE::dump(), meaning that by default dump(...) is resolved as the builtin dump() which dumps core and aborts, not as (possibly) user-defined sub dump. To call the latter, qualify the call as &dump(...). (The whole dump() feature is to considered deprecated, and possibly removed/changed in future releases.)prototype("CORE::chomp") is undefined, because it cannot be expressed and therefore one cannot really write replacements to override these builtins.undef in list context. However, the lvalue subroutine feature still remains experimental. [561+]$^N, which contains the most-recently closed group (submatch).no Module; does not produce an error even if Module does not have an unimport() method. This parallels the behavior of use vis-a-vis import. [561]undef if either operand is a NaN. Previously the behaviour was unspecified.our can now have an experimental optional attribute unique that affects how global variables are shared among multiple interpreters, see "our" in perlfunc.pack() / unpack() can now group template letters with () and then apply repetition/count modifiers on the groups.pack() / unpack() can now process the Perl internal numeric types: IVs, UVs, NVs-- and also long doubles, if supported by the platform. The template letters are j, J, F, and D.pack('U0a*', ...) can now be used to force a string to UTF-8.%\d+\$ and *\d+\$ syntaxes. For exampleprintf "%2\$s %1\$s\n", "foo", "bar";
will print "bar foo\n". This feature helps in writing internationalised software, and in general when the order of the parameters can vary.
-t is available. It is the little brother of -T: instead of dying on taint violations, lexical warnings are given. This is only meant as a temporary debugging aid while securing the code of old legacy applications. This is not a substitute for -T.exec LIST and system LIST have now been considered too risky (think exec @ARGV: it can start any program with any arguments), and now the said forms cause a warning under lexical warnings. You should carefully launder the arguments to guarantee their validity. In future releases of Perl the forms will become fatal errors so consider starting laundering now.utime undef, undef, @files to change the file timestamps to the current time.${^TAINT}, indicates whether taint mode is enabled./c match modifier without an accompanying /g modifier elicits a new warning: Use of /c modifier is meaningless without /g.
Use of /c in substitutions, even with /g, elicits Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s///.
Use of /g with split elicits Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split.
CLONE special subroutine had been added. With ithreads, when a new thread is created, all Perl data is cloned, however non-Perl data cannot be cloned automatically. In CLONE you can do whatever you need to do, like for example handle the cloning of non-Perl data, if necessary. CLONE will be executed once for every package that has it defined or inherited. It will be called in the context of the new thread, so all modifications are made in the new area.See perlmod
Attribute::Handlers, originally by Damian Conway and now maintained by Arthur Bergman, allows a class to define attribute handlers.
package MyPack;
use Attribute::Handlers;
sub Wolf :ATTR(SCALAR) { print "howl!\n" }
# later, in some package using or inheriting from MyPack...
my MyPack $Fluffy : Wolf; # the attribute handler Wolf will be called
Both variables and routines can have attribute handlers. Handlers can be specific to type (SCALAR, ARRAY, HASH, or CODE), or specific to the exact compilation phase (BEGIN, CHECK, INIT, or END). See Attribute::Handlers.
B::Concise, by Stephen McCamant, is a new compiler backend for walking the Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops. The output is highly customisable. See B::Concise. [561+]Class::ISA, by Sean Burke, is a module for reporting the search path for a class's ISA tree. See Class::ISA.Cwd now has a split personality: if possible, an XS extension is used, (this will hopefully be faster, more secure, and more robust) but if not possible, the familiar Perl implementation is used.Devel::PPPort, originally by Kenneth Albanowski and now maintained by Paul Marquess, has been added. It is primarily used by h2xs to enhance portability of XS modules between different versions of Perl. See Devel::PPPort.Digest, frontend module for calculating digests (checksums), from Gisle Aas, has been added. See Digest.Digest::MD5 for calculating MD5 digests (checksums) as defined in RFC 1321, from Gisle Aas, has been added. See Digest::MD5.
use Digest::MD5 'md5_hex';
$digest = md5_hex("Thirsty Camel");
print $digest, "\n"; # 01d19d9d2045e005c3f1b80e8b164de1
NOTE: the MD5 backward compatibility module is deliberately not included since its further use is discouraged.
See also PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint.
Encode, originally by Nick Ing-Simmons and now maintained by Dan Kogai, provides a mechanism to translate between different character encodings. Support for Unicode, ISO-8859-1, and ASCII are compiled in to the module. Several other encodings (like the rest of the ISO-8859, CP*/Win*, Mac, KOI8-R, three variants EBCDIC, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean encodings) are included and can be loaded at runtime. (For space considerations, the largest Chinese encodings have been separated into their own CPAN module, Encode::HanExtra, which Encode will use if available). See Encode.Any encoding supported by Encode module is also available to the ":encoding()" layer if PerlIO is used.
Hash::Util is the interface to the new restricted hashes feature. (Implemented by Jeffrey Friedl, Nick Ing-Simmons, and Michael Schwern.) See Hash::Util.I18N::Langinfo can be used to query locale information. See I18N::Langinfo.I18N::LangTags, by Sean Burke, has functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags. See I18N::LangTags.ExtUtils::Constant, by Nicholas Clark, is a new tool for extension writers for generating XS code to import C header constants. See ExtUtils::Constant.Filter::Simple, by Damian Conway, is an easy-to-use frontend to Filter::Util::Call. See Filter::Simple.
# in MyFilter.pm:
package MyFilter;
use Filter::Simple sub {
while (my ($from, $to) = splice @_, 0, 2) {
s/$from/$to/g;
}
};
1;
# in user's code:
use MyFilter qr/red/ => 'green';
print "red\n"; # this code is filtered, will print "green\n"
print "bored\n"; # this code is filtered, will print "bogreen\n"
no MyFilter;
print "red\n"; # this code is not filtered, will print "red\n"
File::Temp, by Tim Jenness, allows one to create temporary files and directories in an easy, portable, and secure way. See File::Temp. [561+]Filter::Util::Call, by Paul Marquess, provides you with the framework to write source filters in Perl. For most uses, the frontend Filter::Simple is to be preferred. See Filter::Util::Call.if, by Ilya Zakharevich, is a new pragma for conditional inclusion of modules.Perl installation leaves libnet unconfigured; use libnetcfg to configure it.
List::Util, by Graham Barr, is a selection of general-utility list subroutines, such as sum(), min(), first(), and shuffle(). See List::Util.Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency Locale::Language, and Locale::Script, by Neil Bowers, have been added. They provide the codes for various locale standards, such as "fr" for France, "usd" for US Dollar, and "ja" for Japanese.
use Locale::Country;
$country = code2country('jp'); # $country gets 'Japan'
$code = country2code('Norway'); # $code gets 'no'
See Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, and Locale::Language.
Locale::Maketext, by Sean Burke, is a localization framework. See Locale::Maketext, and Locale::Maketext::TPJ13. The latter is an article about software localization, originally published in The Perl Journal #13, and republished here with kind permission.Math::BigRat for big rational numbers, to accompany Math::BigInt and Math::BigFloat, from Tels. See Math::BigRat.Memoize can make your functions faster by trading space for time, from Mark-Jason Dominus. See Memoize.MIME::Base64, by Gisle Aas, allows you to encode data in base64, as defined in RFC 2045 - MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions).
use MIME::Base64;
$encoded = encode_base64('Aladdin:open sesame');
$decoded = decode_base64($encoded);
print $encoded, "\n"; # "QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ=="
See MIME::Base64.
MIME::QuotedPrint, by Gisle Aas, allows you to encode data in quoted-printable encoding, as defined in RFC 2045 - MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions).
use MIME::QuotedPrint;
$encoded = encode_qp("\xDE\xAD\xBE\xEF");
$decoded = decode_qp($encoded);
print $encoded, "\n"; # "=DE=AD=BE=EF\n"
print $decoded, "\n"; # "\xDE\xAD\xBE\xEF\n"
See also PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint.
NEXT, by Damian Conway, is a pseudo-class for method redispatch. See NEXT.open is a new pragma for setting the default I/O layers for open().PerlIO::scalar, by Nick Ing-Simmons, provides the implementation of IO to "in memory" Perl scalars as discussed above. It also serves as an example of a loadable PerlIO layer. Other future possibilities include PerlIO::Array and PerlIO::Code. See PerlIO::scalar.PerlIO::via, by Nick Ing-Simmons, acts as a PerlIO layer and wraps PerlIO layer functionality provided by a class (typically implemented in Perl code).PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, by Elizabeth Mattijsen, is an example of a PerlIO::via class:use PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint; open($fh,">:via(QuotedPrint)",$path);
This will automatically convert everything output to $fh to Quoted-Printable. See PerlIO::via and PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint.
Pod::ParseLink, by Russ Allbery, has been added, to parse L<> links in pods as described in the new perlpodspec.Pod::Text::Overstrike, by Joe Smith, has been added. It converts POD data to formatted overstrike text. See Pod::Text::Overstrike. [561+]Scalar::Util is a selection of general-utility scalar subroutines, such as blessed(), reftype(), and tainted(). See Scalar::Util.sort is a new pragma for controlling the behaviour of sort().Storable gives persistence to Perl data structures by allowing the storage and retrieval of Perl data to and from files in a fast and compact binary format. Because in effect Storable does serialisation of Perl data structures, with it you can also clone deep, hierarchical datastructures. Storable was originally created by Raphael Manfredi, but it is now maintained by Abhijit Menon-Sen. Storable has been enhanced to understand the two new hash features, Unicode keys and restricted hashes. See Storable.Switch, by Damian Conway, has been added. Just by sayinguse Switch;
you have switch and case available in Perl.
use Switch;
switch ($val) {
case 1 { print "number 1" }
case "a" { print "string a" }
case [1..10,42] { print "number in list" }
case (@array) { print "number in list" }
case /\w+/ { print "pattern" }
case qr/\w+/ { print "pattern" }
case (%hash) { print "entry in hash" }
case (\%hash) { print "entry in hash" }
case (\&sub) { print "arg to subroutine" }
else { print "previous case not true" }
}
See Switch.
Test::More, by Michael Schwern, is yet another framework for writing test scripts, more extensive than Test::Simple. See Test::More.Test::Simple, by Michael Schwern, has basic utilities for writing tests. See Test::Simple.Text::Balanced, by Damian Conway, has been added, for extracting delimited text sequences from strings.
use Text::Balanced 'extract_delimited';
($a, $b) = extract_delimited("'never say never', he never said", "'", '');
$a will be "'never say never'", $b will be ', he never said'.
In addition to extract_delimited(), there are also extract_bracketed(), extract_quotelike(), extract_codeblock(), extract_variable(), extract_tagged(), extract_multiple(), gen_delimited_pat(), and gen_extract_tagged(). With these, you can implement rather advanced parsing algorithms. See Text::Balanced.
threads, by Arthur Bergman, is an interface to interpreter threads. Interpreter threads (ithreads) is the new thread model introduced in Perl 5.6 but only available as an internal interface for extension writers (and for Win32 Perl for fork() emulation). See threads, threads::shared, and perlthrtut.threads::shared, by Arthur Bergman, allows data sharing for interpreter threads. See threads::shared.Tie::File, by Mark-Jason Dominus, associates a Perl array with the lines of a file. See Tie::File.Tie::Memoize, by Ilya Zakharevich, provides on-demand loaded hashes. See Tie::Memoize.Tie::RefHash::Nestable, by Edward Avis, allows storing hash references (unlike the standard Tie::RefHash) The module is contained within Tie::RefHash. See Tie::RefHash.Time::HiRes, by Douglas E. Wegscheid, provides high resolution timing (ualarm, usleep, and gettimeofday). See Time::HiRes.Unicode::UCD offers a querying interface to the Unicode Character Database. See Unicode::UCD.Unicode::Collate, by SADAHIRO Tomoyuki, implements the UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm) for sorting Unicode strings. See Unicode::Collate.Unicode::Normalize, by SADAHIRO Tomoyuki, implements the various Unicode normalization forms. See Unicode::Normalize.XS::APItest, by Tim Jenness, is a test extension that exercises XS APIs. Currently only printf() is tested: how to output various basic data types from XS.XS::Typemap, by Tim Jenness, is a test extension that exercises XS typemaps. Nothing gets installed, but the code is worth studying for extension writers.no AutoLoader;.use English '-no_match_vars';
(Assuming, of course, that you don't need the troublesome variables $`, $&, or $'.) Also, introduced @LAST_MATCH_START and @LAST_MATCH_END English aliases for @- and @+.
use/no warnings 'File::Find';.GLOB_LIMIT constant to limit the size of the returned list of filenames.LocalPort (usually meaning that the operating system will make one up.)Note that some of the Net::Ping tests are disabled when running under the Perl distribution since one cannot assume one or more of the following: enabled echo port at localhost, full Internet connectivity, or sympathetic firewalls. You can set the environment variable PERL_TEST_Net_Ping to "1" (one) before running the Perl test suite to enable all the Net::Ping tests.
%INC is now localised in a Safe compartment so that use/require work.our() does not and will not support.)utf8:: name space (as in the pragma) provides various Perl-callable functions to provide low level access to Perl's internal Unicode representation. At the moment only length() has been implemented.enc2xs is a tool for people adding their own encodings to the Encode module.h2ph now supports C trigraphs.h2xs now produces a template README.h2xs now uses Devel::PPPort for better portability between different versions of Perl.h2xs uses the new ExtUtils::Constant module which will affect newly created extensions that define constants. Since the new code is more correct (if you have two constants where the first one is a prefix of the second one, the first constant never got defined), less lossy (it uses integers for integer constant, as opposed to the old code that used floating point numbers even for integer constants), and slightly faster, you might want to consider regenerating your extension code (the new scheme makes regenerating easy). h2xs now also supports C trigraphs.libnetcfg has been added to configure libnet.perlbug is now much more robust. It also sends the bug report to perl.org, not perl.com.perlcc has been rewritten and its user interface (that is, command line) is much more like that of the Unix C compiler, cc. (The perlbc tools has been removed. Use perlcc -B instead.) Note that perlcc is still considered very experimental and unsupported. [561]perlivp is a new Installation Verification Procedure utility for running any time after installing Perl.piconv is an implementation of the character conversion utility iconv, demonstrating the new Encode module.pod2html now allows specifying a cache directory.pod2html now produces XHTML 1.0.pod2html now understands POD written using different line endings (PC-like CRLF versus Unix-like LF versus MacClassic-like CR).s2p has been completely rewritten in Perl. (It is in fact a full implementation of sed in Perl: you can use the sed functionality by using the psed utility.)xsubpp now understands POD documentation embedded in the *.xs files. [561]xsubpp now supports the OUT keyword.The following platform-specific documents are available before the installation as README.platform, and after the installation as perlplatform:
perlaix perlamiga perlapollo perlbeos perlbs2000 perlce perlcygwin perldgux perldos perlepoc perlfreebsd perlhpux perlhurd perlirix perlmachten perlmacos perlmint perlmpeix perlnetware perlos2 perlos390 perlplan9 perlqnx perlsolaris perltru64 perluts perlvmesa perlvms perlvos perlwin32
These documents usually detail one or more of the following subjects: configuring, building, testing, installing, and sometimes also using Perl on the said platform.
Eastern Asian Perl users are now welcomed in their own languages: README.jp (Japanese), README.ko (Korean), README.cn (simplified Chinese) and README.tw (traditional Chinese), which are written in normal pod but encoded in EUC-JP, EUC-KR, EUC-CN and Big5. These will get installed as
perljp perlko perlcn perltw
sort pragma for information.The story in more detail: suppose you want to serve yourself a little slice of Pi.
@digits = ( 3,1,4,1,5,9 );
A numerical sort of the digits will yield (1,1,3,4,5,9), as expected. Which 1 comes first is hard to know, since one 1 looks pretty much like any other. You can regard this as totally trivial, or somewhat profound. However, if you just want to sort the even digits ahead of the odd ones, then what will
sort { ($a % 2) <=> ($b % 2) } @digits;
yield? The only even digit, 4, will come first. But how about the odd numbers, which all compare equal? With the quicksort algorithm used to implement Perl 5.6 and earlier, the order of ties is left up to the sort. So, as you add more and more digits of Pi, the order in which the sorted even and odd digits appear will change. and, for sufficiently large slices of Pi, the quicksort algorithm in Perl 5.8 won't return the same results even if reinvoked with the same input. The justification for this rests with quicksort's worst case behavior. If you run
sort { $a <=> $b } ( 1 .. $N , 1 .. $N );
(something you might approximate if you wanted to merge two sorted arrays using sort), doubling $N doesn't just double the quicksort time, it quadruples it. Quicksort has a worst case run time that can grow like N**2, so-called quadratic behaviour, and it can happen on patterns that may well arise in normal use. You won't notice this for small arrays, but you will notice it with larger arrays, and you may not live long enough for the sort to complete on arrays of a million elements. So the 5.8 quicksort scrambles large arrays before sorting them, as a statistical defence against quadratic behaviour. But that means if you sort the same large array twice, ties may be broken in different ways.
Because of the unpredictability of tie-breaking order, and the quadratic worst-case behaviour, quicksort was almost replaced completely with a stable mergesort. Stable means that ties are broken to preserve the original order of appearance in the input array. So
sort { ($a % 2) <=> ($b % 2) } (3,1,4,1,5,9);
will yield (4,3,1,1,5,9), guaranteed. The even and odd numbers appear in the output in the same order they appeared in the input. Mergesort has worst case O(N log N) behaviour, the best value attainable. And, ironically, this mergesort does particularly well where quicksort goes quadratic: mergesort sorts (1..$N, 1..$N) in O(N) time. But quicksort was rescued at the last moment because it is faster than mergesort on certain inputs and platforms. For example, if you really don't care about the order of even and odd digits, quicksort will run in O(N) time; it's very good at sorting many repetitions of a small number of distinct elements. The quicksort divide and conquer strategy works well on platforms with relatively small, very fast, caches. Eventually, the problem gets whittled down to one that fits in the cache, from which point it benefits from the increased memory speed.
Quicksort was rescued by implementing a sort pragma to control aspects of the sort. The stable subpragma forces stable behaviour, regardless of algorithm. The _quicksort and _mergesort subpragmas are heavy-handed ways to select the underlying implementation. The leading _ is a reminder that these subpragmas may not survive beyond 5.8. More appropriate mechanisms for selecting the implementation exist, but they wouldn't have arrived in time to save quicksort.
-S can now run non-interactively. [561]-Dafsroot=/some/where/else.@Config{qw(db_version_major db_version_minor db_version_patch)} from Perl and as DB_VERSION_MAJOR_CFG DB_VERSION_MINOR_CFG DB_VERSION_PATCH_CFG from C.mkdir perl/build/directory cd perl/build/directory sh /path/to/perl/source/Configure -Dmksymlinks ...
This will create in perl/build/directory a tree of symbolic links pointing to files in /path/to/perl/source. The original files are left unaffected. After Configure has finished, you can just say
make all test
and Perl will be built and tested, all in perl/build/directory. [561]
Configure -Duseithreads) because it wouldn't work anyway (the Thread extension requires being Configured with -Duse5005threads).Note that the 5.005 threads are unsupported and deprecated: if you have code written for the old threads you should migrate it to the new ithreads model.
make LIBPERL=libperld.a
has been removed. Use -DDEBUGGING instead.
For the list of platforms known to support Perl, see "Supported Platforms" in perlport.
Numerous memory leaks and uninitialized memory accesses have been hunted down. Most importantly, anonymous subs used to leak quite a bit. [561]
(unknown) for subroutines that have been removed from the symbol table."0" now treated correctly, the d command now checks line number, $. no longer gets corrupted, and all debugger output now goes correctly to the socket if RemotePort is set. [561]See perldebug.
dumpDepth option to control the maximum depth to which nested structures are dumped. The x command has been extended so that x N EXPR dumps out the value of EXPR to a depth of at most N levels.*foo{FORMAT} now works.eval "...".use warnings qw(FATAL all) did not work as intended. This has been corrected. [561]#line now works. [561]
use Tie::Hash;
tie my %tied_hash => 'Tie::StdHash';
...
# Used to leak memory every time local() was called;
# in a loop, this added up.
local($tied_hash{Foo}) = 1;
use Tie::Hash;
tie my %tied_hash => 'Tie::StdHash';
...
# Nothing has set the FOO element so far
{ local $tied_hash{FOO} = 'Bar' }
# This used to print, but not now.
print "exists!\n" if exists $tied_hash{FOO};
As a side effect of this fix, tied hash interfaces must define the EXISTS and DELETE methods.
-Duselongdouble. This version of Perl detects this brokenness and has a workaround for it. The glibc release 2.2.2 is known to have fixed the modfl() bug.qw(a\\b) now parses correctly as 'a\\b': that is, as three characters, not four. [561][[:space:]] to include the (very rarely used) vertical tab character. Added a new POSIX-ish character class [[:blank:]] which stands for horizontal whitespace (currently, the space and the tab).use re 'debug' or via -Dr) now looks better. [561]"a\nxb\n" =~ /(?!\A)x/m were flawed. The bug has been fixed. [561]${$num}) was accidentally disabled. This works again now. [561]LOG_AUTH constant.STDERR is tied, warnings caused by warn and die now correctly pass to it.IsAlnum, IsAlpha, and IsWord now match titlecase.. operator or via variable interpolation, eq, substr, reverse, quotemeta, the x operator, substitution with s///, single-quoted UTF-8, should now work.tr/// operator now works. Note that the tr///CU functionality has been removed (but see pack('U0', ...)).eval "v200" now works.IsDigit.Perl now works on post-4.0 BSD/OSes.
Setting $0 now works (as much as possible; see perlvar for details).
Numerous updates; currently synchronised with Cygwin 1.3.10.
EPOC now better supported. See README.epoc. [561]
Perl now works on post-3.0 FreeBSDs.
README.hpux updated; Configure -Duse64bitall now works; now uses HP-UX malloc instead of Perl malloc.
Numerous compilation flag and hint enhancements; accidental mixing of 32-bit and 64-bit libraries (a doomed attempt) made much harder.
Compilation of the standard Perl distribution in Mac OS Classic should now work if you have the Metrowerks development environment and the missing Mac-specific toolkit bits. Contact the macperl mailing list for details.
MPE/iX update after Perl 5.6.0. See README.mpeix. [561]
Perl now works on NetBSD/sparc.
Now works with usethreads (see INSTALL). [561]
64-bitness using the Sun Workshop compiler now works.
The native build method requires at least VOS Release 14.5.0 and GNU C++/GNU Tools 2.0.1 or later. The Perl pack function now maps overflowed values to +infinity and underflowed values to -infinity.
The operating system version letter now recorded in $Config{osvers}. Allow compiling with gcc (previously explicitly forbidden). Compiling with gcc still not recommended because buggy code results, even with gcc 2.95.2.
Fixed various alignment problems that lead into core dumps either during build or later; no longer dies on math errors at runtime; now using full quad integers (64 bits), previously was using only 46 bit integers for speed.
See "Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS" and "IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha" for important changes not otherwise listed here.
chdir() now works better despite a CRT bug; now works with MULTIPLICITY (see INSTALL); now works with Perl's malloc.
The tainting of %ENV elements via keys or values was previously unimplemented. It now works as documented.
The waitpid emulation has been improved. The worst bug (now fixed) was that a pid of -1 would cause a wildcard search of all processes on the system.
POSIX-style signals are now emulated much better on VMS versions prior to 7.0.
The system function and backticks operator have improved functionality and better error handling. [561]
File access tests now use current process privileges rather than the user's default privileges, which could sometimes result in a mismatch between reported access and actual access. This improvement is only available on VMS v6.0 and later.
There is a new kill implementation based on sys$sigprc that allows older VMS systems (pre-7.0) to use kill to send signals rather than simply force exit. This implementation also allows later systems to call kill from within a signal handler.
Iterative logical name translations are now limited to 10 iterations in imitation of SHOW LOGICAL and other OpenVMS facilities.
ExtUtils::Embed [561] IO::Pipe IO::Poll Net::Ping
waitpid($pid, &POSIX::WNOHANG).cmd shell specific quoting in perl programs.
Note that this means that some scripts that may have relied on earlier buggy behavior may no longer work correctly. For example, system("nmake /nologo", @args) will now attempt to run the file nmake /nologo and will fail when such a file isn't found. On the other hand, perl will now execute code such as system("c:/Program Files/MyApp/foo.exe", @args) correctly.
File::Spec->tmpdir() now prefers C:/temp over /tmp (works better when perl is running as service).Please see perldiag for more details.
\8, \9, and \_. There is no need to escape any of the \w characters.<-- HERE marker.-M and -m options now warn if you didn't supply the module name.use specify a required minimum version, modules matching the name and but not defining a $VERSION will cause a fatal failure.main:: prefix for filehandles in the main package, for example STDIN instead of main::STDIN.push @a; and unshift @a; (with no values to push or unshift) now give a warning. This may be a problem for generated and eval'ed code."C" format you will get an optional warning. Similarly for the "c" format and a number less than -128 or more than 127.P format now demands an explicit size.w now warns of unterminated compressed integers.(?o) make sense only if applied to the entire regex. You will get an optional warning if you try to do otherwise.%foo->{bar} has been deprecated for a while. Now you will get an optional warning.sort in scalar context now issues an optional warning. This didn't do anything useful, as the sort was not performed.make -f Makefile.micro should be enough. Beware: microperl makes many assumptions, some of which may be too bold; the resulting executable may crash or otherwise misbehave in wondrous ways. For careful hackers only.'P') have been macrofied (e.g. PERL_MAGIC_TIED) for better source code readability and maintainability.offsets member of the struct regexp. See perldebguts for more complete information.gcc -Wall clean. Some warning messages still remain in some platforms, so if you are compiling with gcc you may see some warnings about dubious practices. The warnings are being worked on.(This change was already made in 5.7.0 but bears repeating here.) (5.7.0 came out before 5.6.1: the development branch 5.7 released earlier than the maintenance branch 5.6)
A potential security vulnerability in the optional suidperl component of Perl was identified in August 2000. suidperl is neither built nor installed by default. As of November 2001 the only known vulnerable platform is Linux, most likely all Linux distributions. CERT and various vendors and distributors have been alerted about the vulnerability. See http://www.cpan.org/src/5.0/sperl-2000-08-05/sperl-2000-08-05.txt for more information.
The problem was caused by Perl trying to report a suspected security exploit attempt using an external program, /bin/mail. On Linux platforms the /bin/mail program had an undocumented feature which when combined with suidperl gave access to a root shell, resulting in a serious compromise instead of reporting the exploit attempt. If you don't have /bin/mail, or if you have 'safe setuid scripts', or if suidperl is not installed, you are safe.
The exploit attempt reporting feature has been completely removed from Perl 5.8.0 (and the maintenance release 5.6.1, and it was removed also from all the Perl 5.7 releases), so that particular vulnerability isn't there anymore. However, further security vulnerabilities are, unfortunately, always possible. The suidperl functionality is most probably going to be removed in Perl 5.10. In any case, suidperl should only be used by security experts who know exactly what they are doing and why they are using suidperl instead of some other solution such as sudo ( see http://www.courtesan.com/sudo/ ).
Several new tests have been added, especially for the lib and ext subsections. There are now about 69 000 individual tests (spread over about 700 test scripts), in the regression suite (5.6.1 has about 11 700 tests, in 258 test scripts) The exact numbers depend on the platform and Perl configuration used. Many of the new tests are of course introduced by the new modules, but still in general Perl is now more thoroughly tested.
Because of the large number of tests, running the regression suite will take considerably longer time than it used to: expect the suite to take up to 4-5 times longer to run than in perl 5.6. On a really fast machine you can hope to finish the suite in about 6-8 minutes (wallclock time).
The tests are now reported in a different order than in earlier Perls. (This happens because the test scripts from under t/lib have been moved to be closer to the library/extension they are testing.)
The compiler suite is slowly getting better but it continues to be highly experimental. Use in production environments is discouraged.
local %tied_array;
doesn't work as one would expect: the old value is restored incorrectly. This will be changed in a future release, but we don't know yet what the new semantics will exactly be. In any case, the change will break existing code that relies on the current (ill-defined) semantics, so just avoid doing this in general.
Some extensions like mod_perl are known to have issues with `largefiles', a change brought by Perl 5.6.0 in which file offsets default to 64 bits wide, where supported. Modules may fail to compile at all, or they may compile and work incorrectly. Currently, there is no good solution for the problem, but Configure now provides appropriate non-largefile ccflags, ldflags, libswanted, and libs in the %Config hash (e.g., $Config{ccflags_nolargefiles}) so the extensions that are having problems can try configuring themselves without the largefileness. This is admittedly not a clean solution, and the solution may not even work at all. One potential failure is whether one can (or, if one can, whether it's a good idea to) link together at all binaries with different ideas about file offsets; all this is platform-dependent.
for (1..5) { $_++ }
works without complaint. It shouldn't. (You should be able to modify only lvalue elements inside the loops.) You can see the correct behaviour by replacing the 1..5 with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Use mod_perl 1.27 or higher.
Don't panic. Read the 'make test' section of INSTALL instead.
Use libwww-perl 5.65 or later.
Use PDL 2.3.4 or later.
You may get errors like 'Undefined symbol "Perl_get_sv"' or "can't resolve symbol 'Perl_get_sv'", or the symbol may be "Perl_sv_2pv". This probably means that you are trying to use an older shared Perl library (or extensions linked with such) with Perl 5.8.0 executable. Perl used to have such a subroutine, but that is no more the case. Check your shared library path, and any shared Perl libraries in those directories.
Sometimes this problem may also indicate a partial Perl 5.8.0 installation, see "Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols" for an example and how to deal with it.
Self-tying of arrays and hashes is broken in rather deep and hard-to-fix ways. As a stop-gap measure to avoid people from getting frustrated at the mysterious results (core dumps, most often), it is forbidden for now (you will get a fatal error even from an attempt).
A change to self-tying of globs has caused them to be recursively referenced (see: "Two-Phased Garbage Collection" in perlobj). You will now need an explicit untie to destroy a self-tied glob. This behaviour may be fixed at a later date.
Self-tying of scalars and IO thingies works.
If this test fails, it indicates that your libc (C library) is not threadsafe. This particular test stress tests the localtime() call to find out whether it is threadsafe. See perlthrtut for more information.
Note that support for 5.005-style threading is deprecated, experimental and practically unsupported. In 5.10, it is expected to be removed. You should migrate your code to ithreads.
The following tests are known to fail due to fundamental problems in the 5.005 threading implementation. These are not new failures--Perl 5.005_0x has the same bugs, but didn't have these tests.
../ext/B/t/xref.t 255 65280 14 12 85.71% 3-14
../ext/List/Util/t/first.t 255 65280 7 4 57.14% 2 5-7
../lib/English.t 2 512 54 2 3.70% 2-3
../lib/FileCache.t 5 1 20.00% 5
../lib/Filter/Simple/t/data.t 6 3 50.00% 1-3
../lib/Filter/Simple/t/filter_only. 9 3 33.33% 1-2 5
../lib/Math/BigInt/t/bare_mbf.t 1627 4 0.25% 8 11 1626-1627
../lib/Math/BigInt/t/bigfltpm.t 1629 4 0.25% 10 13 1628-
1629
../lib/Math/BigInt/t/sub_mbf.t 1633 4 0.24% 8 11 1632-1633
../lib/Math/BigInt/t/with_sub.t 1628 4 0.25% 9 12 1627-1628
../lib/Tie/File/t/31_autodefer.t 255 65280 65 32 49.23% 34-65
../lib/autouse.t 10 1 10.00% 4
op/flip.t 15 1 6.67% 15
These failures are unlikely to get fixed as 5.005-style threads are considered fundamentally broken. (Basically what happens is that competing threads can corrupt shared global state, one good example being regular expression engine's state.)
The following tests may fail intermittently because of timing problems, for example if the system is heavily loaded.
t/op/alarm.t ext/Time/HiRes/HiRes.t lib/Benchmark.t lib/Memoize/t/expmod_t.t lib/Memoize/t/speed.t
In case of failure please try running them manually, for example
./perl -Ilib ext/Time/HiRes/HiRes.t
For normal arrays $foo = \$bar[1] will assign undef to $bar[1] (assuming that it didn't exist before), but for tied/magical arrays and hashes such autovivification does not happen because there is currently no way to catch the reference creation. The same problem affects slicing over non-existent indices/keys of a tied/magical array/hash.
One can have Unicode in identifier names, but not in package/class or subroutine names. While some limited functionality towards this does exist as of Perl 5.8.0, that is more accidental than designed; use of Unicode for the said purposes is unsupported.
One reason of this unfinishedness is its (currently) inherent unportability: since both package names and subroutine names may need to be mapped to file and directory names, the Unicode capability of the filesystem becomes important-- and there unfortunately aren't portable answers.
The AIX C compiler vac version 5.0.0.0 may produce buggy code, resulting in a few random tests failing when run as part of "make test", but when the failing tests are run by hand, they succeed. We suggest upgrading to at least vac version 5.0.1.0, that has been known to compile Perl correctly. "lslpp -L|grep vac.C" will tell you the vac version. See README.aix.
"pp_sys.c", line 4651.39: 1506-280 (W) Function argument assignment between types "unsigned char*" and "const void*" is not allowed.
This is harmless; it is caused by the getnetbyaddr() and getnetbyaddr_r() having slightly different types for their first argument.
If you see op/pack, op/pat, op/regexp, or ext/Storable tests failing in a Linux/alpha or *BSD/Alpha, it's probably time to upgrade your gcc. gccs prior to 2.95.3 are definitely not good enough, and gcc 3.1 may be even better. (RedHat Linux/alpha with gcc 3.1 reported no problems, as did Linux 2.4.18 with gcc 2.95.4.) (In Tru64, it is preferable to use the bundled C compiler.)
Perl 5.8.0 doesn't build in AmigaOS. It broke at some point during the ithreads work and we could not find Amiga experts to unbreak the problems. Perl 5.6.1 still works for AmigaOS (as does the 5.7.2 development release).
The following tests fail on 5.8.0 Perl in BeOS Personal 5.03:
t/op/lfs............................FAILED at test 17 t/op/magic..........................FAILED at test 24 ext/Fcntl/t/syslfs..................FAILED at test 17 ext/File/Glob/t/basic...............FAILED at test 3 ext/POSIX/t/sigaction...............FAILED at test 13 ext/POSIX/t/waitpid.................FAILED at test 1
(Note: more information was available in README.beos until support for BeOS was removed in Perl v5.18.0)
For example when building the Tk extension for Cygwin, you may get an error message saying "unable to remap". This is known problem with Cygwin, and a workaround is detailed in here: http://sources.redhat.com/ml/cygwin/2001-12/msg00894.html
One can build but not install (or test the build of) the NDBM_File on FAT filesystems. Installation (or build) on NTFS works fine. If one attempts the test on a FAT install (or build) the following failures are expected:
../ext/NDBM_File/ndbm.t 13 3328 71 59 83.10% 1-2 4 16-71 ../ext/ODBM_File/odbm.t 255 65280 ?? ?? % ?? ../lib/AnyDBM_File.t 2 512 12 2 16.67% 1 4 ../lib/Memoize/t/errors.t 0 139 11 5 45.45% 7-11 ../lib/Memoize/t/tie_ndbm.t 13 3328 4 4 100.00% 1-4 run/fresh_perl.t 97 1 1.03% 91
NDBM_File fails and ODBM_File just coredumps.
If you intend to run only on FAT (or if using AnyDBM_File on FAT), run Configure with the -Ui_ndbm and -Ui_dbm options to prevent NDBM_File and ODBM_File being built.
t/op/stat............................FAILED at test 29 lib/File/Find/t/find.................FAILED at test 1 lib/File/Find/t/taint................FAILED at test 1 lib/h2xs.............................FAILED at test 15 lib/Pod/t/eol........................FAILED at test 1 lib/Test/Harness/t/strap-analyze.....FAILED at test 8 lib/Test/Harness/t/test-harness......FAILED at test 23 lib/Test/Simple/t/exit...............FAILED at test 1
The above failures are known as of 5.8.0 with native builds with long filenames, but there are a few more if running under dosemu because of limitations (and maybe bugs) of dosemu:
t/comp/cpp...........................FAILED at test 3 t/op/inccode.........................(crash)
and a few lib/ExtUtils tests, and several hundred Encode/t/Aliases.t failures that work fine with long filenames. So you really might prefer native builds and long filenames.
This is a known bug in FreeBSD 4.5's readdir_r(), it has been fixed in FreeBSD 4.6 (see perlfreebsd (README.freebsd)).
The ISO 8859-15 locales may fail the locale test 117 in FreeBSD. This is caused by the characters \xFF (y with diaeresis) and \xBE (Y with diaeresis) not behaving correctly when being matched case-insensitively. Apparently this problem has been fixed in the latest FreeBSD releases. ( http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=34308 )
IRIX with MIPSpro 7.3.1.2m or 7.3.1.3m compiler may fail the List::Util test ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t by dumping core. This seems to be a compiler error since if compiled with gcc no core dump ensues, and no failures have been seen on the said test on any other platform.
Similarly, building the Digest::MD5 extension has been known to fail with "*** Termination code 139 (bu21)".
The cure is to drop optimization level (Configure -Doptimize=-O2).
If perl is configured with -Duse64bitall, the successful result of the subtest 10 of lib/posix may arrive before the successful result of the subtest 9, which confuses the test harness so much that it thinks the subtest 9 failed.
This is a known bug in the glibc 2.2.5 with long long integers. ( http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65612 )
No known fix.
Please remember to set your environment variable LC_ALL to "C" (setenv LC_ALL C) before running "make test" to avoid a lot of warnings about the broken locales of Mac OS X.
The following tests are known to fail in Mac OS X 10.1.5 because of buggy (old) implementations of Berkeley DB included in Mac OS X:
Failed Test Stat Wstat Total Fail Failed List of Failed ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ../ext/DB_File/t/db-btree.t 0 11 ?? ?? % ?? ../ext/DB_File/t/db-recno.t 149 3 2.01% 61 63 65
If you are building on a UFS partition, you will also probably see t/op/stat.t subtest #9 fail. This is caused by Darwin's UFS not supporting inode change time.
Also the ext/POSIX/t/posix.t subtest #10 fails but it is skipped for now because the failure is Apple's fault, not Perl's (blocked signals are lost).
If you Configure with ithreads, ext/threads/t/libc.t will fail. Again, this is not Perl's fault-- the libc of Mac OS X is not threadsafe (in this particular test, the localtime() call is found to be threadunsafe.)
If after installing Perl 5.8.0 you are getting warnings about missing symbols, for example
dyld: perl Undefined symbols _perl_sv_2pv _perl_get_sv
you probably have an old pre-Perl-5.8.0 installation (or parts of one) in /Library/Perl (the undefined symbols used to exist in pre-5.8.0 Perls). It seems that for some reason "make install" doesn't always completely overwrite the files in /Library/Perl. You can move the old Perl shared library out of the way like this:
cd /Library/Perl/darwin/CORE mv libperl.dylib libperlold.dylib
and then reissue "make install". Note that the above of course is extremely disruptive for anything using the /usr/local/bin/perl. If that doesn't help, you may have to try removing all the .bundle files from beneath /Library/Perl, and again "make install"-ing.
The following tests are known to fail on OS/2 (for clarity only the failures are shown, not the full error messages):
../lib/ExtUtils/t/Mkbootstrap.t 1 256 18 1 5.56% 8 ../lib/ExtUtils/t/Packlist.t 1 256 34 1 2.94% 17 ../lib/ExtUtils/t/basic.t 1 256 17 1 5.88% 14 lib/os2_process.t 2 512 227 2 0.88% 174 209 lib/os2_process_kid.t 227 2 0.88% 174 209 lib/rx_cmprt.t 255 65280 18 3 16.67% 16-18
The op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130 are known to fail on some platforms. Examples include any platform using sfio, and Compaq/Tandem's NonStop-UX.
Test 91 is known to fail on QNX6 (nto), because sprintf '%e',0 incorrectly produces 0.000000e+0 instead of 0.000000e+00.
For tests 129 and 130, the failing platforms do not comply with the ANSI C Standard: lines 19ff on page 134 of ANSI X3.159 1989, to be exact. (They produce something other than "1" and "-1" when formatting 0.6 and -0.6 using the printf format "%.0f"; most often, they produce "0" and "-0".)
The socketpair tests are known to be unhappy in SCO 3.2v5.0.4:
ext/Socket/socketpair.t...............FAILED tests 15-45
In case you are still using Solaris 2.5 (aka SunOS 5.5), you may experience failures (the test core dumping) in lib/locale.t. The suggested cure is to upgrade your Solaris.
The following tests are known to fail in Solaris x86 with Perl configured to use 64 bit integers:
ext/Data/Dumper/t/dumper.............FAILED at test 268 ext/Devel/Peek/Peek..................FAILED at test 7
The following tests are known to fail on SUPER-UX:
op/64bitint...........................FAILED tests 29-30, 32-33, 35-36 op/arith..............................FAILED tests 128-130 op/pack...............................FAILED tests 25-5625 op/pow................................ op/taint..............................# msgsnd failed ../ext/IO/lib/IO/t/io_poll............FAILED tests 3-4 ../ext/IPC/SysV/ipcsysv...............FAILED tests 2, 5-6 ../ext/IPC/SysV/t/msg.................FAILED tests 2, 4-6 ../ext/Socket/socketpair..............FAILED tests 12 ../lib/IPC/SysV.......................FAILED tests 2, 5-6 ../lib/warnings.......................FAILED tests 115-116, 118-119
The op/pack failure ("Cannot compress negative numbers at op/pack.t line 126") is serious but as of yet unsolved. It points at some problems with the signedness handling of the C compiler, as do the 64bitint, arith, and pow failures. Most of the rest point at problems with SysV IPC.
Use Term::ReadKey 2.20 or later.
Guessing which symbols your C compiler and preprocessor define...
will probably fail with error messages like
CC-20 cc: ERROR File = try.c, Line = 3 The identifier "bad" is undefined. bad switch yylook 79bad switch yylook 79bad switch yylook 79bad switch yylook 79#ifdef A29K ^ CC-65 cc: ERROR File = try.c, Line = 3 A semicolon is expected at this point.
This is caused by a bug in the awk utility of UNICOS/mk. You can ignore the error, but it does cause a slight problem: you cannot fully benefit from the h2ph utility (see h2ph) that can be used to convert C headers to Perl libraries, mainly used to be able to access from Perl the constants defined using C preprocessor, cpp. Because of the above error, parts of the converted headers will be invisible. Luckily, these days the need for h2ph is rare.
There are a few known test failures. (Note: the relevant information was available in README.uts until support for UTS was removed in Perl v5.18.0)
When Perl is built using the native build process on VOS Release 14.5.0 and GNU C++/GNU Tools 2.0.1, all attempted tests either pass or result in TODO (ignored) failures.
There should be no reported test failures with a default configuration, though there are a number of tests marked TODO that point to areas needing further debugging and/or porting work.
In multi-CPU boxes, there are some problems with the I/O buffering: some output may appear twice.
Use XML::Parser 2.31 or later.
z/OS has rather many test failures but the situation is actually much better than it was in 5.6.0; it's just that so many new modules and tests have been added.
Failed Test Stat Wstat Total Fail Failed List of Failed
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
../ext/Data/Dumper/t/dumper.t 357 8 2.24% 311 314 325 327
331 333 337 339
../ext/IO/lib/IO/t/io_unix.t 5 4 80.00% 2-5
../ext/Storable/t/downgrade.t 12 3072 169 12 7.10% 14-15 46-47 78-79
110-111 150 161
../lib/ExtUtils/t/Constant.t 121 30976 48 48 100.00% 1-48
../lib/ExtUtils/t/Embed.t 9 9 100.00% 1-9
op/pat.t 922 7 0.76% 665 776 785 832-
834 845
op/sprintf.t 224 3 1.34% 98 100 136
op/tr.t 97 5 5.15% 63 71-74
uni/fold.t 780 6 0.77% 61 169 196 661
710-711
The failures in dumper.t and downgrade.t are problems in the tests, those in io_unix and sprintf are problems in the USS (UDP sockets and printf formats). The pat, tr, and fold failures are genuine Perl problems caused by EBCDIC (and in the pat and fold cases, combining that with Unicode). The Constant and Embed are probably problems in the tests (since they test Perl's ability to build extensions, and that seems to be working reasonably well.)
Though mostly working, Unicode support still has problem spots on EBCDIC platforms. One such known spot are the \p{} and \P{} regular expression constructs for code points less than 256: the pP are testing for Unicode code points, not knowing about EBCDIC.
Time::Piece (previously known as Time::Object) was removed because it was felt that it didn't have enough value in it to be a core module. It is still a useful module, though, and is available from the CPAN.
Perl 5.8 unfortunately does not build anymore on AmigaOS; this broke accidentally at some point. Since there are not that many Amiga developers available, we could not get this fixed and tested in time for 5.8.0. Perl 5.6.1 still works for AmigaOS (as does the 5.7.2 development release).
The PerlIO::Scalar and PerlIO::Via (capitalised) were renamed as PerlIO::scalar and PerlIO::via (all lowercase) just before 5.8.0. The main rationale was to have all core PerlIO layers to have all lowercase names. The "plugins" are named as usual, for example PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint.
The threads::shared::queue and threads::shared::semaphore were renamed as Thread::Queue and Thread::Semaphore just before 5.8.0. The main rationale was to have thread modules to obey normal naming, Thread:: (the threads and threads::shared themselves are more pragma-like, they affect compile-time, so they stay lowercase).
If you find what you think is a bug, you might check the articles recently posted to the comp.lang.perl.misc newsgroup and the perl bug database at http://bugs.perl.org/ . There may also be information at http://www.perl.com/ , the Perl Home Page.
If you believe you have an unreported bug, please run the perlbug program included with your release. Be sure to trim your bug down to a tiny but sufficient test case. Your bug report, along with the output of perl -V, will be sent off to perlbug@perl.org to be analysed by the Perl porting team.
The Changes file for exhaustive details on what changed.
The INSTALL file for how to build Perl.
The README file for general stuff.
The Artistic and Copying files for copyright information.
Written by Jarkko Hietaniemi <jhi@iki.fi>.